Historical Significance of 26 January
India became independent on 15 August 1947 and its Constitution was established on 26 January 1950, according to which India was declared a democratic, sovereign and republic country.
On 26 January 1950, the country’s first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, hoisted the flag with a 21-gun salute and declared India a full republic. This was a historic moment. Since then, this day has been celebrated every year as Republic Day and is a national holiday across the country.
Our Constitution gives citizens the right to democratically elect their government. Following the Constitution’s enactment, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was sworn in as the first President.
Republic Day is celebrated every year on January 26. This day marks the adoption of the Constitution of India on January 26, 1950, and the country’s becoming a republic.
India gained independence on August 15, 1947, but did not immediately become a republic. For more than two years, the country functioned under the Government of India Act, 1935. During this period, the Constituent Assembly worked on drafting a comprehensive Constitution that would reflect India’s values, diversity and democratic aspirations.
The date of January 26 was chosen deliberately. On January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress declared Purna Swaraj, meaning complete independence from British rule. He implemented the Constitution exactly 20 years later on this date, a tribute to the freedom struggle and the sacrifices made by its leaders and citizens.
Role of the Constitution
The Constitution of India is the world’s longest written constitution. It outlines the political system, defines the powers of the government, and protects the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. Republic Day is an annual commemoration of the fact that India is governed by the Constitution, not by any individual or power. It reinforces the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, which are the foundation of the nation.
Republic Day Celebration
The main Republic Day celebrations take place on the National Highway in New Delhi. The event begins with the hoisting of the national flag by the President of India, followed by a grand parade. The parade includes the following:
Ceremonial parades by the armed forces
Tableaux showcasing India’s cultural heritage, development, and achievements
Displays of military equipment and might
Cultural performances highlighting the country’s diversity
Republic Day 2026
India will celebrate its 77th Republic Day in 2026. This year’s theme is “Vande Mataram,” commemorating the 150th anniversary of the national song. This theme will be reflected in the parade, tableaux, and the Beating the Retreat ceremony.
EU leaders, European Council President António Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, have been invited as chief guests of the ceremony.
The 90-minute parade will feature 18 marching contingents, 13 military bands, 30 tableaux representing 17 states, union territories, ministries and services and showcase India’s military capabilities.
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